store.h

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/* Classes for modeling the state of memory.
   Copyright (C) 2020-2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
   Contributed by David Malcolm <dmalcolm@redhat.com>.
 
This file is part of GCC.
 
GCC is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
the Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
any later version.
 
GCC is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
General Public License for more details.
 
You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
along with GCC; see the file COPYING3.  If not see
<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.  */
 
#ifndef GCC_ANALYZER_STORE_H
#define GCC_ANALYZER_STORE_H
 
#include "text-art/tree-widget.h"
 
/* Implementation of the region-based ternary model described in:
     "A Memory Model for Static Analysis of C Programs"
      (Zhongxing Xu, Ted Kremenek, and Jian Zhang)
     http://lcs.ios.ac.cn/~xuzb/canalyze/memmodel.pdf  */
 
/* The store models memory as a collection of "clusters", where regions
   are partitioned into clusters via their base region.
 
   For example, given:
     int a, b, c;
     struct coord { double x; double y; } verts[3];
   then "verts[0].y" and "verts[1].x" both have "verts" as their base region.
   Each of a, b, c, and verts will have their own clusters, so that we
   know that writes to e.g. "verts[1].x".don't affect e.g. "a".
 
   Within each cluster we store a map of bindings to values, where the
   binding keys can be either concrete or symbolic.
 
   Concrete bindings affect a specific range of bits relative to the start
   of the base region of the cluster, whereas symbolic bindings affect
   a specific subregion within the cluster.
 
   Consider (from the symbolic-1.c testcase):
 
     char arr[1024];
     arr[2] = a;  (1)
     arr[3] = b;  (2)
       After (1) and (2), the cluster for "arr" has concrete bindings
       for bits 16-23 and for bits 24-31, with svalues "INIT_VAL(a)"
       and "INIT_VAL(b)" respectively:
       cluster: {bits 16-23: "INIT_VAL(a)",
                 bits 24-31: "INIT_VAL(b)";
                 flags: {}}
       Attempting to query unbound subregions e.g. arr[4] will
       return "UNINITIALIZED".
       "a" and "b" are each in their own clusters, with no explicit
       bindings, and thus implicitly have value INIT_VAL(a) and INIT_VAL(b).
 
     arr[3] = c;  (3)
       After (3), the concrete binding for bits 24-31 is replaced with the
       svalue "INIT_VAL(c)":
       cluster: {bits 16-23: "INIT_VAL(a)",  (from before)
                 bits 24-31: "INIT_VAL(c)";  (updated)
                 flags: {}}
 
     arr[i] = d;  (4)
       After (4), we lose the concrete bindings and replace them with a
       symbolic binding for "arr[i]", with svalue "INIT_VAL(d)".  We also
       mark the cluster as having been "symbolically touched": future
       attempts to query the values of subregions other than "arr[i]",
       such as "arr[3]" are "UNKNOWN", since we don't know if the write
       to arr[i] affected them.
       cluster: {symbolic_key(arr[i]): "INIT_VAL(d)";
                 flags: {TOUCHED}}
 
     arr[j] = e;  (5)
       After (5), we lose the symbolic binding for "arr[i]" since we could
       have overwritten it, and add a symbolic binding for "arr[j]".
       cluster: {symbolic_key(arr[j]): "INIT_VAL(d)"; (different symbolic
                 flags: {TOUCHED}}                     binding)
 
     arr[3] = f;  (6)
       After (6), we lose the symbolic binding for "arr[j]" since we could
       have overwritten it, and gain a concrete binding for bits 24-31
       again, this time with svalue "INIT_VAL(e)":
       cluster: {bits 24-31: "INIT_VAL(d)";
                 flags: {TOUCHED}}
       The cluster is still flagged as touched, so that we know that
       accesses to other elements are "UNKNOWN" rather than
       "UNINITIALIZED".
 
   Handling symbolic regions requires us to handle aliasing.
 
   In the first example above, each of a, b, c and verts are non-symbolic
   base regions and so their clusters are "concrete clusters", whereas given:
       struct coord *p, *q;
   then "*p" and "*q" are symbolic base regions, and thus "*p" and "*q"
   have "symbolic clusters".
 
   In the above, "verts[i].x" will have a symbolic *binding* within a
   concrete cluster for "verts", whereas "*p" is a symbolic *cluster*.
 
   Writes to concrete clusters can't affect other concrete clusters,
   but can affect symbolic clusters; e.g. after:
       verts[0].x = 42;
   we bind 42 in the cluster for "verts", but the clusters for "b" and "c"
   can't be affected.  Any symbolic clusters for *p and for *q can be
   affected, *p and *q could alias verts.
 
   Writes to a symbolic cluster can affect other clusters, both
   concrete and symbolic; e.g. after:
       p->x = 17;
   we bind 17 within the cluster for "*p".  The concrete clusters for a, b,
   c, and verts could be affected, depending on whether *p aliases them.
   Similarly, the symbolic cluster to *q could be affected.  */
 
namespace ana {
 
/* A class for keeping track of aspects of a program_state that we don't
   know about, to avoid false positives about leaks.
 
   Consider:
 
      p->field = malloc (1024);
      q->field = NULL;
 
   where we don't know whether or not p and q point to the same memory,
   and:
 
      p->field = malloc (1024);
      unknown_fn (p);
 
   In both cases, the svalue for the address of the allocated buffer
   goes from being bound to p->field to not having anything explicitly bound
   to it.
 
   Given that we conservatively discard bindings due to possible aliasing or
   calls to unknown function, the store loses references to svalues,
   but these svalues could still be live.  We don't want to warn about
   them leaking - they're effectively in a "maybe live" state.
 
   This "maybe live" information is somewhat transient.
 
   We don't want to store this "maybe live" information in the program_state,
   region_model, or store, since we don't want to bloat these objects (and
   potentially bloat the exploded_graph with more nodes).
   However, we can't store it in the region_model_context, as these context
   objects sometimes don't last long enough to be around when comparing the
   old vs the new state.
 
   This class is a way to track a set of such svalues, so that we can
   temporarily capture that they are in a "maybe live" state whilst
   comparing old and new states.  */
 
class uncertainty_t
{
public:
  typedef hash_set<const svalue *>::iterator iterator;
 
  void on_maybe_bound_sval (const svalue *sval)
  {
    m_maybe_bound_svals.add (sval);
  }
  void on_mutable_sval_at_unknown_call (const svalue *sval)
  {
    m_mutable_at_unknown_call_svals.add (sval);
  }
 
  bool unknown_sm_state_p (const svalue *sval)
  {
    return (m_maybe_bound_svals.contains (sval)
            || m_mutable_at_unknown_call_svals.contains (sval));
  }
 
  void dump_to_pp (pretty_printer *pp, bool simple) const;
  void dump (bool simple) const;
 
  iterator begin_maybe_bound_svals () const
  {
    return m_maybe_bound_svals.begin ();
  }
  iterator end_maybe_bound_svals () const
  {
    return m_maybe_bound_svals.end ();
  }
 
private:
 
  /* svalues that might or might not still be bound.  */
  hash_set<const svalue *> m_maybe_bound_svals;
 
  /* svalues that have mutable sm-state at unknown calls.  */
  hash_set<const svalue *> m_mutable_at_unknown_call_svals;
};
 
class byte_range;
class concrete_binding;
class symbolic_binding;
 
/* Abstract base class for describing ranges of bits within a binding_map
   that can have svalues bound to them.  */
 
class binding_key
{
public:
  virtual ~binding_key () {}
  virtual bool concrete_p () const = 0;
  bool symbolic_p () const { return !concrete_p (); }
 
  static const binding_key *make (store_manager *mgr, const region *r);
 
  virtual void dump_to_pp (pretty_printer *pp, bool simple) const = 0;
  void dump (bool simple) const;
  label_text get_desc (bool simple=true) const;
 
  static int cmp_ptrs (const void *, const void *);
  static int cmp (const binding_key *, const binding_key *);
 
  virtual const concrete_binding *dyn_cast_concrete_binding () const
  { return nullptr; }
  virtual const symbolic_binding *dyn_cast_symbolic_binding () const
  { return nullptr; }
};
 
/* A concrete range of bits.  */
 
struct bit_range
{
  bit_range (bit_offset_t start_bit_offset, bit_size_t size_in_bits)
  : m_start_bit_offset (start_bit_offset),
    m_size_in_bits (size_in_bits)
  {}
 
  void dump_to_pp (pretty_printer *pp) const;
  void dump () const;
 
  std::unique_ptr<json::object> to_json () const;
 
  bool empty_p () const
  {
    return m_size_in_bits == 0;
  }
 
  bit_offset_t get_start_bit_offset () const
  {
    return m_start_bit_offset;
  }
  bit_offset_t get_next_bit_offset () const
  {
    return m_start_bit_offset + m_size_in_bits;
  }
  bit_offset_t get_last_bit_offset () const
  {
    gcc_assert (!empty_p ());
    return get_next_bit_offset () - 1;
  }
 
  bool contains_p (bit_offset_t offset) const
  {
    return (offset >= get_start_bit_offset ()
            && offset < get_next_bit_offset ());
  }
 
  bool contains_p (const bit_range &other, bit_range *out) const;
 
  bool operator== (const bit_range &other) const
  {
    return (m_start_bit_offset == other.m_start_bit_offset
            && m_size_in_bits == other.m_size_in_bits);
  }
 
  bool intersects_p (const bit_range &other) const
  {
    return (get_start_bit_offset () < other.get_next_bit_offset ()
            && other.get_start_bit_offset () < get_next_bit_offset ());
  }
  bool intersects_p (const bit_range &other,
                     bit_size_t *out_num_overlap_bits) const;
  bool intersects_p (const bit_range &other,
                     bit_range *out_this,
                     bit_range *out_other) const;
 
  bool exceeds_p (const bit_range &other,
                  bit_range *out_overhanging_bit_range) const;
 
  bool falls_short_of_p (bit_offset_t offset,
                         bit_range *out_fall_short_bits) const;
 
  static int cmp (const bit_range &br1, const bit_range &br2);
 
  bit_range operator- (bit_offset_t offset) const;
 
  static bool from_mask (unsigned HOST_WIDE_INT mask, bit_range *out);
 
  bool as_byte_range (byte_range *out) const;
 
  bool
  operator< (const bit_range &other) const
  {
    if (m_start_bit_offset < other.m_start_bit_offset)
      return true;
    if (m_start_bit_offset > other.m_start_bit_offset)
      return false;
    return (m_size_in_bits < other.m_size_in_bits);
  }
 
  bit_offset_t m_start_bit_offset;
  bit_size_t m_size_in_bits;
};
 
/* A concrete range of bytes.  */
 
struct byte_range
{
  byte_range (byte_offset_t start_byte_offset, byte_size_t size_in_bytes)
  : m_start_byte_offset (start_byte_offset),
    m_size_in_bytes (size_in_bytes)
  {}
 
  void dump_to_pp (pretty_printer *pp) const;
  void dump () const;
 
  std::unique_ptr<json::object> to_json () const;
 
  bool empty_p () const
  {
    return m_size_in_bytes == 0;
  }
 
  bool contains_p (byte_offset_t offset) const
  {
    return (offset >= get_start_byte_offset ()
            && offset < get_next_byte_offset ());
  }
  bool contains_p (const byte_range &other, byte_range *out) const;
 
  bool operator== (const byte_range &other) const
  {
    return (m_start_byte_offset == other.m_start_byte_offset
            && m_size_in_bytes == other.m_size_in_bytes);
  }
 
  byte_offset_t get_start_byte_offset () const
  {
    return m_start_byte_offset;
  }
  byte_offset_t get_next_byte_offset () const
  {
    return m_start_byte_offset + m_size_in_bytes;
  }
  byte_offset_t get_last_byte_offset () const
  {
    gcc_assert (!empty_p ());
    return m_start_byte_offset + m_size_in_bytes - 1;
  }
 
  bit_range as_bit_range () const
  {
    return bit_range (m_start_byte_offset * BITS_PER_UNIT,
                      m_size_in_bytes * BITS_PER_UNIT);
  }
 
  bit_offset_t get_start_bit_offset () const
  {
    return m_start_byte_offset * BITS_PER_UNIT;
  }
  bit_offset_t get_next_bit_offset () const
  {
    return get_next_byte_offset () * BITS_PER_UNIT;
  }
 
  static int cmp (const byte_range &br1, const byte_range &br2);
 
  byte_offset_t m_start_byte_offset;
  byte_size_t m_size_in_bytes;
};
 
/* Concrete subclass of binding_key, for describing a non-empty
   concrete range of bits within the binding_map (e.g. "bits 8-15").  */
 
class concrete_binding : public binding_key
{
public:
  /* This class is its own key for the purposes of consolidation.  */
  typedef concrete_binding key_t;
 
  concrete_binding (bit_offset_t start_bit_offset, bit_size_t size_in_bits)
  : m_bit_range (start_bit_offset, size_in_bits)
  {
    gcc_assert (m_bit_range.m_size_in_bits > 0);
  }
  bool concrete_p () const final override { return true; }
 
  hashval_t hash () const
  {
    inchash::hash hstate;
    hstate.add_wide_int (m_bit_range.m_start_bit_offset);
    hstate.add_wide_int (m_bit_range.m_size_in_bits);
    return hstate.end ();
  }
  bool operator== (const concrete_binding &other) const
  {
    return m_bit_range == other.m_bit_range;
  }
 
  void dump_to_pp (pretty_printer *pp, bool simple) const final override;
 
  const concrete_binding *dyn_cast_concrete_binding () const final override
  { return this; }
 
  const bit_range &get_bit_range () const { return m_bit_range; }
  bool get_byte_range (byte_range *out) const;
 
  bit_offset_t get_start_bit_offset () const
  {
    return m_bit_range.m_start_bit_offset;
  }
  bit_size_t get_size_in_bits () const
  {
    return m_bit_range.m_size_in_bits;
  }
  /* Return the next bit offset after the end of this binding.  */
  bit_offset_t get_next_bit_offset () const
  {
    return m_bit_range.get_next_bit_offset ();
  }
 
  bool overlaps_p (const concrete_binding &other) const;
 
  static int cmp_ptr_ptr (const void *, const void *);
 
  void mark_deleted () { m_bit_range.m_size_in_bits = -1; }
  void mark_empty () { m_bit_range.m_size_in_bits = -2; }
  bool is_deleted () const { return m_bit_range.m_size_in_bits == -1; }
  bool is_empty () const { return m_bit_range.m_size_in_bits == -2; }
 
private:
  bit_range m_bit_range;
};
 
} // namespace ana
 
template <>
template <>
inline bool
is_a_helper <const ana::concrete_binding *>::test (const ana::binding_key *key)
{
  return key->concrete_p ();
}
 
template <> struct default_hash_traits<ana::concrete_binding>
: public member_function_hash_traits<ana::concrete_binding>
{
  static const bool empty_zero_p = false;
};
 
namespace ana {
 
/* Concrete subclass of binding_key, for describing a symbolic set of
   bits within the binding_map in terms of a region (e.g. "arr[i]").  */
 
class symbolic_binding : public binding_key
{
public:
  /* This class is its own key for the purposes of consolidation.  */
  typedef symbolic_binding key_t;
 
  symbolic_binding (const region *region) : m_region (region) {}
  bool concrete_p () const final override { return false; }
 
  hashval_t hash () const
  {
    return (intptr_t)m_region;
  }
  bool operator== (const symbolic_binding &other) const
  {
    return m_region == other.m_region;
  }
 
  void dump_to_pp (pretty_printer *pp, bool simple) const final override;
 
  const symbolic_binding *dyn_cast_symbolic_binding () const final override
  { return this; }
 
  const region *get_region () const { return m_region; }
 
  static int cmp_ptr_ptr (const void *, const void *);
 
  void mark_deleted () { m_region = reinterpret_cast<const region *> (1); }
  void mark_empty () { m_region = nullptr; }
  bool is_deleted () const
  { return m_region == reinterpret_cast<const region *> (1); }
  bool is_empty () const { return m_region == nullptr; }
 
private:
  const region *m_region;
};
 
} // namespace ana
 
template <> struct default_hash_traits<ana::symbolic_binding>
: public member_function_hash_traits<ana::symbolic_binding>
{
  static const bool empty_zero_p = true;
};
 
namespace ana {
 
/* A mapping from binding_keys to svalues, for use by binding_cluster
   and compound_svalue.
   We store a map from concrete keys to svalues, which is ordered by
   the start offset.
   We also store a vector of (symbolic key, svalue) pairs, but for now
   this has maximum length of 1.  */
 
class binding_map
{
public:
  struct symbolic_binding
  {
    bool operator== (const symbolic_binding &other) const
    {
      return (m_region == other.m_region
              && m_sval == other.m_sval);
    }
 
    const region *m_region;
    const svalue *m_sval;
  };
  using concrete_bindings_t = std::map<bit_range, const svalue *>;
  using symbolic_bindings_t = std::vector<symbolic_binding>;
 
  struct binding_pair
  {
    binding_pair (const binding_key *key,
                  const svalue *sval)
    : m_key (key),
      m_sval (sval)
    {
    }
 
    const binding_key *m_key;
    const svalue *m_sval;
  };
 
  typedef class const_iterator
  {
  public:
    const_iterator (const binding_map &map,
                    concrete_bindings_t::const_iterator concrete_iter,
                    symbolic_bindings_t::const_iterator symbolic_iter)
    : m_map (map),
      m_concrete (concrete_iter),
      m_symbolic (symbolic_iter)
    {
    }
    bool operator== (const const_iterator &other) const;
    bool operator!= (const const_iterator &other) const
    {
      return !(*this == other);
    }
    const_iterator &operator++ ();
 
    binding_pair operator* ();
 
  private:
    const binding_map &m_map;
    concrete_bindings_t::const_iterator m_concrete;
    symbolic_bindings_t::const_iterator m_symbolic;
  } const_iterator_t;
 
  typedef class iterator
  {
  public:
    friend class binding_map;
 
    iterator (const binding_map &map,
              concrete_bindings_t::iterator concrete_iter,
              symbolic_bindings_t::iterator symbolic_iter)
    : m_map (map),
      m_concrete (concrete_iter),
      m_symbolic (symbolic_iter)
    {
    }
    bool operator== (const iterator &other) const;
    bool operator!= (const iterator &other) const
    {
      return !(*this == other);
    }
    iterator &operator++ ();
 
    binding_pair operator* ();
 
    const binding_key *get_key () const;
 
  private:
    const binding_map &m_map;
    concrete_bindings_t::iterator m_concrete;
    symbolic_bindings_t::iterator m_symbolic;
  } iterator_t;
 
  binding_map (store_manager &store_mgr);
  binding_map (const binding_map &other);
  binding_map& operator=(const binding_map &other);
 
  bool operator== (const binding_map &other) const;
  bool operator!= (const binding_map &other) const
  {
    return !(*this == other);
  }
 
  hashval_t hash () const;
 
  const svalue *get (const binding_key *key) const;
  void put (const binding_key *k, const svalue *v);
  void overwrite (iterator_t &pos, const svalue *v);
 
  void remove (const binding_key *k);
  void clear ()
  {
    m_concrete.clear ();
    m_symbolic.clear ();
  }
 
  bool empty_p () const
  {
    return m_concrete.empty () && m_symbolic.empty ();
  }
 
  const_iterator_t begin () const;
  const_iterator_t end () const;
  iterator_t begin ();
  iterator_t end ();
  size_t elements () const;
 
  void dump_to_pp (pretty_printer *pp, bool simple, bool multiline) const;
  void dump (bool simple) const;
 
  std::unique_ptr<json::object> to_json () const;
 
  void add_to_tree_widget (text_art::tree_widget &parent_widget,
                           const text_art::dump_widget_info &dwi) const;
 
  bool apply_ctor_to_region (const region *parent_reg, tree ctor,
                             region_model_manager *mgr);
 
  static int cmp (const binding_map &map1, const binding_map &map2);
 
  void remove_overlapping_bindings (store_manager *mgr,
                                    const binding_key *drop_key,
                                    uncertainty_t *uncertainty,
                                    svalue_set *maybe_live_values,
                                    bool always_overlap);
 
private:
  void get_overlapping_bindings (const binding_key *key,
                                 auto_vec<const binding_key *> *out);
  bool apply_ctor_val_to_range (const region *parent_reg,
                                region_model_manager *mgr,
                                tree min_index, tree max_index,
                                tree val);
  bool apply_ctor_pair_to_child_region (const region *parent_reg,
                                        region_model_manager *mgr,
                                        tree index, tree val);
 
  store_manager &m_store_mgr;
  concrete_bindings_t m_concrete;
  symbolic_bindings_t m_symbolic;
};
 
/* All of the bindings within a store for regions that share the same
   base region.  */
 
class binding_cluster
{
public:
  friend class store;
 
  typedef binding_map::const_iterator const_iterator_t;
  typedef binding_map::iterator iterator_t;
 
  binding_cluster (store_manager &store_mgr, const region *base_region);
  binding_cluster (const binding_cluster &other);
  binding_cluster& operator=(const binding_cluster &other);
 
  bool operator== (const binding_cluster &other) const;
  bool operator!= (const binding_cluster &other) const
  {
    return !(*this == other);
  }
 
  hashval_t hash () const;
 
  bool symbolic_p () const;
 
  const region *get_base_region () const { return m_base_region; }
 
  void dump_to_pp (pretty_printer *pp, bool simple, bool multiline) const;
  void dump (bool simple) const;
 
  void validate () const;
 
  std::unique_ptr<json::object> to_json () const;
 
  std::unique_ptr<text_art::tree_widget>
  make_dump_widget (const text_art::dump_widget_info &dwi,
                    store_manager *mgr) const;
 
  void bind (store_manager *mgr, const region *, const svalue *);
 
  void clobber_region (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg);
  void purge_region (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg);
  void fill_region (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg, const svalue *sval);
  void zero_fill_region (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg);
  void mark_region_as_unknown (store_manager *mgr,
                               const region *reg_to_bind,
                               const region *reg_for_overlap,
                               uncertainty_t *uncertainty,
                               svalue_set *maybe_live_values);
  void purge_state_involving (const svalue *sval,
                              region_model_manager *sval_mgr);
 
  const svalue *get_binding (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg) const;
  const svalue *get_binding_recursive (store_manager *mgr,
                                        const region *reg) const;
  const svalue *get_any_binding (store_manager *mgr,
                                  const region *reg) const;
  const svalue *maybe_get_compound_binding (store_manager *mgr,
                                             const region *reg) const;
 
  void remove_overlapping_bindings (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg,
                                    uncertainty_t *uncertainty,
                                    svalue_set *maybe_live_values);
 
  template <typename T>
  void for_each_value (void (*cb) (const svalue *sval, T user_data),
                       T user_data) const
  {
    for (auto iter : m_map)
      cb (iter.m_sval, user_data);
  }
 
  static bool can_merge_p (const binding_cluster *cluster_a,
                           const binding_cluster *cluster_b,
                           binding_cluster *out_cluster,
                           store *out_store,
                           store_manager *mgr,
                           model_merger *merger);
  void make_unknown_relative_to (const binding_cluster *other_cluster,
                                 store *out_store,
                                 store_manager *mgr);
 
  void mark_as_escaped ();
  void on_unknown_fncall (const gcall &call, store_manager *mgr,
                          const conjured_purge &p);
  void on_asm (const gasm *stmt, store_manager *mgr,
               const conjured_purge &p);
 
  bool escaped_p () const;
  bool touched_p () const { return m_touched; }
 
  bool redundant_p () const;
  bool empty_p () const { return m_map.empty_p (); }
 
  void get_representative_path_vars (const region_model *model,
                                     svalue_set *visited,
                                     const region *base_reg,
                                     const svalue *sval,
                                     logger *logger,
                                     auto_vec<path_var> *out_pvs) const;
 
  const svalue *maybe_get_simple_value (store_manager *mgr) const;
 
  const_iterator_t begin () const { return m_map.begin (); }
  const_iterator_t end () const { return m_map.end (); }
 
  iterator_t begin () { return m_map.begin (); }
  iterator_t end () { return m_map.end (); }
 
  const binding_map &get_map () const { return m_map; }
  binding_map &get_map () { return m_map; }
 
private:
  const svalue *get_any_value (const binding_key *key) const;
  void bind_compound_sval (store_manager *mgr,
                           const region *reg,
                           const compound_svalue *compound_sval);
  void bind_key (const binding_key *key, const svalue *sval);
 
  const region *m_base_region;
 
  binding_map m_map;
 
  /* Has a pointer to this cluster "escaped" into a part of the program
     we don't know about (via a call to a function with an unknown body,
     or by being passed in as a pointer param of a "top-level" function call).
     Such regions could be overwritten when other such functions are called,
     even if the region is no longer reachable by pointers that we are
     tracking. */
  bool m_escaped;
 
  /* Has this cluster been written to via a symbolic binding?
     If so, then we don't know anything about unbound subregions,
     so we can't use initial_svalue, treat them as uninitialized, or
     inherit values from a parent region.  */
  bool m_touched;
};
 
/* The mapping from regions to svalues.
   This is actually expressed by subdividing into clusters, to better
   handle aliasing.  */
 
class store
{
public:
  typedef hash_map <const region *, binding_cluster *> cluster_map_t;
 
  store ();
  store (const store &other);
  ~store ();
 
  store &operator= (const store &other);
 
  bool operator== (const store &other) const;
  bool operator!= (const store &other) const
  {
    return !(*this == other);
  }
 
  hashval_t hash () const;
 
  void dump_to_pp (pretty_printer *pp, bool summarize, bool multiline,
                   store_manager *mgr) const;
  void dump (bool simple) const;
  void summarize_to_pp (pretty_printer *pp, bool simple) const;
 
  void validate () const;
 
  std::unique_ptr<json::object> to_json () const;
 
  std::unique_ptr<text_art::tree_widget>
  make_dump_widget (const text_art::dump_widget_info &dwi,
                    store_manager *mgr) const;
 
  const svalue *get_any_binding (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg) const;
 
  bool called_unknown_fn_p () const { return m_called_unknown_fn; }
 
  void set_value (store_manager *mgr, const region *lhs_reg,
                  const svalue *rhs_sval,
                  uncertainty_t *uncertainty);
  void clobber_region (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg);
  void purge_region (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg);
  void fill_region (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg, const svalue *sval);
  void zero_fill_region (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg);
  void mark_region_as_unknown (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg,
                               uncertainty_t *uncertainty,
                               svalue_set *maybe_live_values);
  void purge_state_involving (const svalue *sval,
                              region_model_manager *sval_mgr);
 
  const binding_cluster *get_cluster (const region *base_reg) const;
  binding_cluster *get_cluster (const region *base_reg);
  binding_cluster *get_or_create_cluster (store_manager &store_mgr,
                                          const region *base_reg);
  void purge_cluster (const region *base_reg);
 
  template <typename T>
  void for_each_cluster (void (*cb) (const region *base_reg, T user_data),
                         T user_data) const
  {
    for (cluster_map_t::iterator iter = m_cluster_map.begin ();
         iter != m_cluster_map.end (); ++iter)
      cb ((*iter).first, user_data);
  }
 
  static bool can_merge_p (const store *store_a, const store *store_b,
                           store *out_store, store_manager *mgr,
                           model_merger *merger);
 
  void mark_as_escaped (store_manager &mgr, const region *base_reg);
  void on_unknown_fncall (const gcall &call, store_manager *mgr,
                          const conjured_purge &p);
  bool escaped_p (const region *reg) const;
 
  void get_representative_path_vars (const region_model *model,
                                     svalue_set *visited,
                                     const svalue *sval,
                                     logger *logger,
                                     auto_vec<path_var> *out_pvs) const;
 
  cluster_map_t::iterator begin () const { return m_cluster_map.begin (); }
  cluster_map_t::iterator end () const { return m_cluster_map.end (); }
 
  tristate eval_alias (const region *base_reg_a,
                       const region *base_reg_b) const;
 
  void canonicalize (store_manager *mgr);
  void loop_replay_fixup (const store *other_store,
                          region_model_manager *mgr);
 
  void replay_call_summary (call_summary_replay &r,
                            const store &summary);
  void replay_call_summary_cluster (call_summary_replay &r,
                                    const store &summary,
                                    const region *base_reg);
  void on_maybe_live_values (store_manager &mgr,
                             const svalue_set &maybe_live_values);
 
private:
  void remove_overlapping_bindings (store_manager *mgr, const region *reg,
                                    uncertainty_t *uncertainty);
  tristate eval_alias_1 (const region *base_reg_a,
                         const region *base_reg_b) const;
 
  cluster_map_t m_cluster_map;
 
  /* If this is true, then unknown code has been called, and so
     any global variable that isn't currently modelled by the store
     has unknown state, rather than being in an "initial state".
     This is to avoid having to mark (and thus explicitly track)
     every global when an unknown function is called; instead, they
     can be tracked implicitly.  */
  bool m_called_unknown_fn;
};
 
/* A class responsible for owning and consolidating binding keys
   (both concrete and symbolic).
   Key instances are immutable as far as clients are concerned, so they
   are provided as "const" ptrs.  */
 
class store_manager
{
public:
  store_manager (region_model_manager *mgr) : m_mgr (mgr) {}
 
  logger *get_logger () const;
 
  /* binding consolidation.  */
  const concrete_binding *
  get_concrete_binding (bit_offset_t start_bit_offset,
                        bit_offset_t size_in_bits);
  const concrete_binding *
  get_concrete_binding (const bit_range &bits)
  {
    return get_concrete_binding (bits.get_start_bit_offset (),
                                 bits.m_size_in_bits);
  }
  const concrete_binding *
  get_concrete_binding (const byte_range &bytes)
  {
    bit_range bits = bytes.as_bit_range ();
    return get_concrete_binding (bits);
  }
  const symbolic_binding *
  get_symbolic_binding (const region *region);
 
  region_model_manager *get_svalue_manager () const
  {
    return m_mgr;
  }
 
  void log_stats (logger *logger, bool show_objs) const;
 
private:
  region_model_manager *m_mgr;
  consolidation_map<concrete_binding> m_concrete_binding_key_mgr;
  consolidation_map<symbolic_binding> m_symbolic_binding_key_mgr;
};
 
} // namespace ana
 
#endif /* GCC_ANALYZER_STORE_H */